Zero-Calorie Sweeteners and Heart Health: What Are the Dangers of Erythritol?
Artificial sweeteners have become increasingly popular as people seek alternatives to sugar, but recent research has raised concerns about their safety. A study published in Nature Medicine has sparked a debate about the potential dangers of erythritol, a widely used zero-calorie sweetener. This revelation has left many wondering about the impact of artificial sweeteners on heart health and the risks associated with consuming drinks with erythritol.
The study suggests a link between high levels of erythritol in the blood and an increased risk of major cardiac events such as stroke and heart attack. Researchers found that erythritol might boost blood clotting, which could explain its association with cardiovascular problems. As this news spreads, it’s causing people to take a closer look at the artificial sweeteners they consume and their possible effects on overall health. The following sections will explore the connection between artificial sweeteners and heart health, compare different sweeteners, and discuss the current regulatory status and safety concerns surrounding these products.
The Link Between Artificial Sweeteners and Cardiovascular Risk
Recent studies have raised concerns about the safety of artificial sweeteners, particularly erythritol, in relation to cardiovascular health. Research published in the European Heart Journal and Nature Medicine has shown a connection between elevated levels of erythritol and an increased risk of major cardiovascular events [1] [2].
Overview of recent studies
A study by Cleveland Clinic researchers found that people with the highest erythritol levels were about twice as likely to experience cardiovascular events over a three-year period compared to those with the lowest levels [3]. Similar findings were observed in both U.S. and European cohorts [4].
Specific risks associated with erythritol
Erythritol consumption has been linked to an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, thrombosis, and death related to cardiovascular events [5]. Notably, ingesting erythritol-sweetened foods or beverages can lead to a significant increase in blood erythritol levels, which may remain elevated for days [6].
Potential mechanisms of harm
Research suggests that erythritol may enhance platelet reactivity and thrombosis formation [7]. This increased sensitivity to blood clotting signals could explain the heightened risk of cardiovascular events associated with erythritol consumption [8]. These findings highlight the need for further studies to evaluate the long-term cardiovascular safety of erythritol and other sugar alcohols [9].
Comparing Different Artificial Sweeteners
A study found that 37% of participants consumed artificial sweeteners, averaging 42 milligrams daily, equivalent to one sweetener packet or 3.4 ounces of diet soda [1]. Higher consumers averaged 78 milligrams daily, about 7 ounces of diet soda [1]. Research showed that those consuming the most artificial sweeteners had a 9% higher risk for cardiovascular disease and an 18% greater risk for stroke or cerebrovascular disease compared to non-consumers [1].
Aspartame and stroke risk
Aspartame intake was associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events, with a hazard ratio of 1.17 [2].
Acesulfame potassium and coronary artery disease
Acesulfame potassium was linked to increased coronary heart disease risk, with a hazard ratio of 1.40 [2].
Sucralose and heart health concerns
Sucralose consumption was associated with increased coronary heart disease risk, showing a hazard ratio of 1.31 [2].
Regulatory Status and Safety Concerns
The FDA has deemed erythritol “Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS),” eliminating the need for long-term safety studies [1]. However, recent research has sparked debates about the safety of artificial sweeteners. The World Health Organization recommended against using non-sugar sweeteners for weight control or reducing chronic disease risk [2]. This recommendation was based on a systemic review suggesting a potential link between artificial sweetener consumption and cardiovascular disease risk [3].
FDA stance on artificial sweeteners
The FDA continues to support the safety of aspartame when used under approved conditions [4]. The agency has reviewed over 100 studies on aspartame’s potential toxic effects and established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) [5]. However, people with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid or restrict aspartame consumption [6].
Calls for further research
Experts emphasize the need for additional safety studies to examine the long-term effects of artificial sweeteners, particularly erythritol, on heart attack and stroke risks [7]. The FDA monitors new scientific literature and participates in international standard-setting activities related to food ingredient safety [8].
Consumer awareness and education
To enhance transparency, some countries require labeling the amount of non-sugar sweeteners on food products [9]. Improved consumer education about the regulation and safety of sweeteners could help address the lack of understanding and trust among consumers [10].
Conclusion
The recent findings on artificial sweeteners, particularly erythritol, have sparked a rethink about their impact on heart health. Studies linking these sweeteners to increased cardiovascular risks highlight the need for more research and careful consideration of their use. This revelation underscores the importance of understanding what we consume and its potential long-term effects on our bodies.
As we move forward, it’s crucial to stay informed about the latest research on artificial sweeteners and their safety. While regulatory bodies continue to monitor and assess these products, individuals might want to consider moderating their intake of artificial sweeteners. In the end, a balanced approach to diet and nutrition, focusing on whole foods, remains a solid foundation for maintaining heart health and overall well-being.
FAQs
1. Is erythritol considered safe for the heart?
Recent research involving over 1,100 participants assessed for heart risk over three years suggests that erythritol may be linked to a heightened risk of heart attack, stroke, and death. Another study followed up with more than 2,100 non-emergency patients, supporting these findings.
2. What recent cautions have been issued regarding erythritol?
A recent pilot study involving 10 healthy individuals found that consuming a drink containing erythritol significantly increased the risk of blood clotting. Erythritol is commonly used as a bulking agent in products sweetened with stevia or monk fruit and in low-carb, keto-friendly products.
3. Is erythritol a safe choice among artificial sweeteners?
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), erythritol, like other sugar alcohols including xylitol, is classified as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe).
4. Should I consider avoiding erythritol?
While erythritol is approved as a low-calorie sweetener and generally recognized as safe, consuming it in large quantities can lead to digestive discomfort such as nausea. There are also studies suggesting a potential link between erythritol and increased risks of blood clots and heart issues.
References
[1] – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/research-news/18310[2] – https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/artificial-sweeteners/art-20046936
[3] – https://ejim.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43162-023-00232-1
[4] – https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/erythritol-cardiovascular-events
[5] – https://www.webmd.com/diet/what-is-erythritol
[6] – https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/erythritol
[7] – https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/xylitol-may-affect-cardiovascular-health
[8] – https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/artificial-sweetener-erythritol-elevate-heart-disease-risk-preliminary/story?id=112687570
[9] – https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/2024/common-sweetener-linked-potential-cardiovascular-risks
[10] – https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02223-9